Road safety has greatly improved in recent decades as the number of road fatalities has steadily decreased (European Commission, 2018a). However, this trend is not the same among all road users. Vulnerable road users (VRU), such as motorcycle and moped riders, cyclists and pedestrians, remain especially at risk due to their notable increase in the share of road deaths and serious injuries (European Commission, 2018b, 2018c). VRUs are generally unprotected and vulnerable in traffic, so increasing concern about their road safety exists.
